Tuesday, April 5, 2011

Rome’s Most Fascinating Architectural Masterpieces


Italian architecture is some of the most brilliant and beautiful in the world. From the Greeks and Etruscans through Neoclassicism to the modern day, the architecture of Italy is diverse, captivating, and full of masterpieces. In this installment of our series on Italian architecture, we explore two of the most popular tourist sites: the breathtaking Sistine Chapel and the imposing Colosseum.

Sistine Chapel
The Sistine Chapel is the main chapel of the Apostolic Palace, the Pope’s residence in Vatican City. When a pope dies, the College of Cardinals meets here to determine the new pope. In addition to its architecture, the Chapel is revered for the artwork on its walls and ceiling, painted by some of the greatest artists of the Renaissance including Michelangelo and Botticelli.

Pope Sixtus IV commissioned the Chapel in the 15th Century, hence its name. It was completed centuries later, and its architecture is a combination of Medieval and Renaissance. Like other churches built during the same era, the exterior of the rectangular brick Sistine Chapel lacks decoration or ornate architecture. It has no exterior doorways, as its entrance is inside the palace.

The Chapel shares the same measurements as the Temple of Solomon in the Old Testament: 134 feet long by 44 feet wide. The vaulted ceiling is 68 feet high, and the side walls have six centered, arched windows in addition to two windows at either end. Around each window are frescoes, and above the ceiling is a third story with accommodations for guards.

As in other churches of the time, the ceiling vault is not angular as we’re used to in our homes; travertine crossribs flatten and divide it into separate gridlike areas. In the center, Michelangelo painted scenes from the Book of Genesis, such as the Creation of Adam and The Great Flood. The ceiling is a fascinating blend of Michelangelo’s Genesis paintings and depictions of Ignudi, prophets, and ancestors of Christ, as well as circular shields and medallions and stone rams’ heads.

Coliseum
Rome Coliseum
Located in the center of Rome, the Coliseum, or Colosseum, was originally the Flavian Amphitheater. Built between 70 and 80 AD, it was the largest coliseum built during the Roman Empire. Used for contests between gladiators, executions, animal hunts, and theatrical plays, the Coliseum was a gathering place for residents of ancient Rome and is still one of the city’s most popular tourist attractions. Ravaged by fire and earthquakes, the Coliseum stands today in a partially damaged state.

The Coliseum’s elliptical shape is similar to two Roman theaters back to back and is 615 feet long and 510 feet wide, with an outer wall of 157 feet in height. The outer wall has sustained extensive damage from earthquakes, but the intact area of the wall has three stories of travertine stone archways with a fourth-story attic. Each lower floor’s architectural style is different: the first floor is Doric, the second is Ionic, and the third is Corinthian.

Main entrance arches were located on the four sides of the building, and the remaining arches were numbered, much like a sports stadium today. The number of arches also made it possible to quickly fill and evacuate the 87,000 seats. Seats were tiered, as was Roman society at the time. Like our arenas, box seats at the north and south ends provided the best views and were reserved for the emperor. Seats at the same level and directly above and below were for senators, nobles, and the wealthy, respectively. The uppermost seats were for the poor.

The Coliseum also featured a complex underground tunnel and cage area known as the hypogeum. This area held animals, gladiators, and prisoners in preparation for the day’s entertainment and raised them to the surface with some form of hydraulic lift.  

As you stand in the Sistine Chapel or among the ruins of the Coliseum, you feel the magic of Michelangelo and the brutality and beauty of the Roman Empire. No matter which you choose to visit, you’ll walk away with vivid memories and the feeling that you’ve been part of history, even for just a moment.

Who is ready for a Roman Holiday?

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